Today’s Reading: Hos 3:1–5:15, Acts 2:1–41, Job 15:10–20

Today’s Theme: Filled with The Holy Spirit

Today’s theme is the wonderful filling of the Holy Spirit which gave birth to the church, saves us and keeps us from the spirit of whoredom so we cherish God above all as we declare God’s great works to the world.

Hosea 3:1–5:15

The love story

And the LORD said to me, “Go again, love a woman who is loved by another man and is an adulteress, even as the LORD loves the children of Israel, though they turn to other gods and love cakes of raisins.” Hosea 3:1 (ESV)

This is the love story between God and His bride. He loved her in spite of who she was, this is the sort of love Jesus taught us about.

We need to ask ourselves the question, are we committing spiritual adultery?

Knowledge of God

Hear the word of the LORD, O children of Israel, for the LORD has a controversy with the inhabitants of the land. There is no faithfulness or steadfast love, and no knowledge of God in the land; Hosea 4:1 (ESV)

We will not have faithfulness and steadfast love for God without knowing God through His word.

We must know about God, that is why God recorded truth in the written form of the Bible for our benefit. He knows we need knowledge of Him to flourish.

Give thanks for the means of knowing God in your life including the Holy Spirit, Bible reading and study, pastors, teachers, books, blogs, videos and mp3s.

Rejecting knowledge

My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge; because you have rejected knowledge, I reject you from being a priest to me. And since you have forgotten the law of your God, I also will forget your children. Hosea 4:6 (ESV)

God’s contention was with the priests and prophets because they did not teach the people the word of God.

This is picked up in the New Testament where Paul says teachers and pastors have double accountability before God.

We should thank God that we have good leaders and pray for them. Also any time we are called to serve we must do it knowing God will hold us accountable for it.

As Christians we must avoid anti intellectualism, which is a culture of rejecting faithful biblical exposition and study. Without true knowledge of God we are open to the ‘spiritual elements’ and destroyed by the winds of evil doctrine and heresy.

Cherish the Lord

They shall eat, but not be satisfied; they shall play the whore, but not multiply, because they have forsaken the LORD to cherish whoredom, wine, and new wine, which take away the understanding. Hosea 4:10–11 (ESV)

We should cherish The Lord. Notice wine and new wine are mentioned alongside whoredom and God says that this takes away a man’s understanding and discernment.

Cherish in the Hebrew means to keep, watch over, take care of, preserve, protect, save, retain and to guard. Think about each of these words in regards to your relationship with the Lord.

What do you cherish?

The spirit of whoredom

My people inquire of a piece of wood, and their walking staff gives them oracles. For a spirit of whoredom has led them astray, and they have left their God to play the whore. Hosea 4:12 (ESV)

Lord deliver your people from the spirit of whoredom. We may not think of ourselves as being under a whoring spirit but we must ask God to show us our own hearts so we can see what we put above God and prefer over God.

Be governed by the Holy Spirit, not the deceptive spirit of whoring after other spiritual lovers and the world.

Dear darling sins

When their drink is gone, they give themselves to whoring; their rulers dearly love shame. Hosea 4:18 (ESV)

Our problem can be that sins are dear to us, we cherish them, we hold them close, we love them, we adore them. However they will bring us to ruin (see verse 14).

Sin is like a drug, it draws the user into a false sense of satisfaction and a relationship of dependence which is really slavery.

In reality when you love sin you are in love with shame, pain and death masquerading as life.

Be killing sin or sin will be killing you.

Sin blocks us from God

Their deeds do not permit them to return to their God. For the spirit of whoredom is within them, and they know not the LORD. Hosea 5:4 (ESV)

Our actions can bar us from knowing or approaching God. Sin works against us by putting a gulf between us and the only one who can deliver us.

Stop sinning and return to God.

The slave master, Sin

Ephraim is oppressed, crushed in judgment, because he was determined to go after filth. Hosea 5:11 (ESV)

The driving forceful nature of sin is seen here.

Paul teaches us in Romans 6:16 “Do you not know that if you present yourselves to anyone as obedient slaves, you are slaves of the one whom you obey, either of sin, which leads to death, or of obedience, which leads to righteousness?”

The prodigal method

I will return again to my place, until they acknowledge their guilt and seek my face, and in their distress earnestly seek me. Hosea 5:15 (ESV)

God will not always pursue man. When His people need discipline He will leave them to themselves until they seek Him like the prodigal sons

Acts 2:1–41

The church is born

And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit gave them utterance. Acts 2:4 (ESV)

This is the birth of the church, also here we see a reversal of Babel where languages were confounded. Here men and women are speaking in languages they were never taught, like Spanish, French etc.

A great functional, evangelical move by God through His Spirit to reach many people from many lands without the barrier of language.

As we read yesterday God fills us with His Holy Spirit for service and to speak for Him.

Declare God’s mighty works

both Jews and proselytes, Cretans and Arabians—we hear them telling in our own tongues the mighty works of God.” Acts 2:11 (ESV)

They were quite specifically talking about God’s mighty works, likely the mighty works of redemption Jesus had just accomplished. This is wonderful in itself but to speak this in unlearned languages is miraculous.

Open to all

And it shall come to pass that everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.’ Acts 2:21 (ESV)

Peter was saying that this prophecy was fulfilled this day. It is wonderful that now because of Jesus the offer of salvation is more clearly open to all people.

God’s plan

this Jesus, delivered up according to the definite plan and foreknowledge of God, you crucified and killed by the hands of lawless men. Acts 2:23 (ESV)

The cross was no tragedy it was a victory, God planned it all and nothing took Him by surprise.

The OT in light of Jesus

he foresaw and spoke about the resurrection of the Christ, that he was not abandoned to Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption. Acts 2:31 (ESV)

Peter who was taught personally by Jesus shows us how we are to exegetically read the Old Testament in light of Jesus.

Foundational Apostles

This Jesus God raised up, and of that we all are witnesses. Acts 2:32 (ESV)

This (witness to the resurrection) is the foundational key to the apostles ministry, these who were foundations of the church were eye witnesses to the resurrection. This is one of the reasons they went from cowardice to boldness and God even used some of them to write holy scripture.

Those called apostles today are not a part of this special and particular class of apostle.

The victory of the Son

Let all the house of Israel therefore know for certain that God has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified.” Acts 2:36 (ESV)

The victory of God and exaltation of the Son through the cross and resurrection, this is the Gospel we proclaim as God’s heralds.

Salvations’s requirements

And Peter said to them, “Repent and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. Acts 2:38 (ESV)

This is the requirement and goal for salvation for all of us. Repentance is crucial, baptism essential and the Holy Spirit is the gift necessary for salvation.

God’s elect

For the promise is for you and for your children and for all who are far off, everyone whom the Lord our God calls to himself.” Acts 2:39 (ESV)

This salvation is for all God’s elect. God knows whom he has predestined and chosen. We preach to everyone the Holy Spirit works to save whom He wills.

We rejoice that we were elected and when others are chosen too.

Salvation is of God.

A great Start

So those who received his word were baptized, and there were added that day about three thousand souls. Acts 2:41 (ESV)

What a start to the church! Thousands were saved at the first open air sermon given by Peter. This is a sign of the victory of our sovereign God and the healthy and exponential growth the church would go through over the next 2000 years.

Job 15:10–20

Be around older people

Both the gray-haired and the aged are among us, older than your father. Job 15:10 (ESV)

This gives us a little insight into the age of Job’s friends and the sort of company he kept. It is always good to have friends who are older than you are

Most of the above post is a copy of the original notes from the same date in 2014.

Additional resources

The Gospel Coalition on Acts 2

Today’s Reading: Hos 1:1–2:23, Acts 1:1–26, Job 15:1–9

Today’s Theme: Enduring Love

Today we begin two new books, Hosea and Acts. In Hosea we read about the unfaithfulness of Israel and God’s enduring love for His covenant people. We see this manifested in the New Testament as we observe the birth of the church and the coming of the Holy Spirit.

Hosea 1:1–2:23

Forsaking the Lord

When the LORD first spoke through Hosea, the LORD said to Hosea, “Go, take to yourself a wife of whoredom and have children of whoredom, for the land commits great whoredom by forsaking the LORD.” Hosea 1:2 (ESV)

The fact that God uses this sort of language shows that for Him faithful relationship is more important than religious observance which is so often not done in truth.

We need to ask ourselves today, are we being faithful to God in the marriage like covenant relationship we have with Him? Have we forsaken the Lord in any way? Are we guilty of spiritual whoredom?

Shameful results

“Plead with your mother, plead— for she is not my wife, and I am not her husband— that she put away her whoring from her face, and her adultery from between her breasts; lest I strip her naked and make her as in the day she was born, and make her like a wilderness, and make her like a parched land, and kill her with thirst. Hosea 2:2–3 (ESV)

We must forsake spiritual adultery (loving and being dedicated to anything or anyone more than God) or suffer the shameful consequences. As well as open shame our thirst will not be satisfied, we will be in the torment of unfulfilled desire.

God is a jealous God, He will not share His glory (due honour, worship, praise, victory, beauty and admiration) with anyone else. His love for His covenant people will not settle for a marriage of convenience with no passion, love, faithfulness or single hearted devotion.

God, the one who provides

For their mother has played the whore; she who conceived them has acted shamefully. For she said, ‘I will go after my lovers, who give me my bread and my water, my wool and my flax, my oil and my drink.’ Hosea 2:5 (ESV)

God is our provider, we must be careful not to idolise other apparent sources like our jobs, family or friends.

Look past the means God uses to provide for you and see that it is by His grace that you have anything.

Pray for Backsliders

She shall pursue her lovers but not overtake them, and she shall seek them but shall not find them. Then she shall say, ‘I will go and return to my first husband, for it was better for me then than now.’ Hosea 2:7 (ESV)

We should pray this for those who are in a backslidden state, we should pray that God would take away their satisfaction in sin.

We should find our ultimate satisfaction in God alone.

Enduring Love

And I will betroth you to me forever. I will betroth you to me in righteousness and in justice, in steadfast love and in mercy. I will betroth you to me in faithfulness. And you shall know the LORD. Hosea 2:19–20 (ESV)

God’s love for Israel and His chosen people is strong and enduring.

God’s commitment to Israel is like a faithful husband’s for his wife. The Church has this too as the bride of Christ in the New Testament.

God’s love for us is enduring, our love for Him should be enduring too.

Acts 1:1–26

Many Proofs

He presented himself alive to them after his suffering by many proofs, appearing to them during forty days and speaking about the kingdom of God. Acts 1:3 (ESV)

In the Greek the phrase many proofs was nearly always used in Greek historical works. It is a term belonging to the realm of historiographical biography which is what Luke has produced in this second volume (the 1st volume was Luke) where he provides apologetics to confirm and build our faith.

The Bible is no book of myths, this is a historical book rooted in real events filled with eyewitness, historically faithful reports contrary to the propaganda of the enemy which always marginalises the Bible as historically inaccurate.

This must have been an amazing time where Jesus taught the apostles about the kingdom of God. It is likely that Jesus explains the mission the Apostles as witnesses of Jesus’ life, death and resurrection had in founding the church and the twofold nature of the kingdom (now and not yet).

The restoration of Israel

He said to them, “It is not for you to know times or seasons that the Father has fixed by his own authority. Acts 1:7 (ESV)

Only God knows when the kingdom will be restored to Israel, this is all connected to Jesus’ second coming and the millennial kingdom.

Baptised in the Holy Spirit

But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.” Acts 1:8 (ESV)

The gift of the Holy Spirit was one of the surest signs that the Messiah had come and the new covenant age had begun.

Every Christian should be baptised with the Holy Spirit. This happens when we are born again in a general sense. However as we walk with the Lord we should always ask God to fill us with His Spirit.

We receive the Holy Spirit to be witnesses, it is for a very functional rather than mystical reason. We receive power to be witnesses to Jesus like the first disciples.

Jesus will not come through birth again

and said, “Men of Galilee, why do you stand looking into heaven? This Jesus, who was taken up from you into heaven, will come in the same way as you saw him go into heaven.” Acts 1:11 (ESV)

Another verse to deal with any cult that says Jesus has returned in some other form like the Rastafarians, Mormons or Jehovahs Witnesses

God’s new people

All these with one accord were devoting themselves to prayer, together with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus, and his brothers. Acts 1:14 (ESV)

This was already a big change that the men and women were waiting on God together. In Jewish culture this was not the way things were done, men and women would stay separate.

The freedom and unity of the new covenant in Jesus means men and women can come before God together. Notice both Judaism and Islam still keep the sexes separate in worship.

Special Apostles

beginning from the baptism of John until the day when he was taken up from us—one of these men must become with us a witness to his resurrection.” Acts 1:22 (ESV)

One of the qualifications for the apostles in this mission was that they had to have seen the resurrected Lord. Paul will qualify as he sees the resurrected Lord too.

Genuine evidence is important to the New Testament narratives.

Job 15:1–9

Without the Holy Spirit

What do you know that we do not know? What do you understand that is not clear to us? Job 15:9 (ESV)

Without the Holy Spirit we are left to the whim of our own ideas and the pride and offence that comes when we don’t see eye to eye. Thank God that we have the Holy Spirit given by Jesus.

Most of the above post is a copy of the original notes from the same date in 2014.

Additional resources

The Gospel Coalition on Acts 1

Today’s Reading: Isa 65:1–66:24, Luke 24:13–53, Job 14:11–22

Today’s Theme: The New Heaven and Earth

Today we focus on the promise of the coming new heaven and earth where the death and decay of this fallen world will be no more when Jesus our resurrected Lord will reign.

Isaiah 65:1–66:24

God stands ready

I was ready to be sought by those who did not ask for me; I was ready to be found by those who did not seek me. I said, “Here I am, here I am,” to a nation that was not called by my name. Isaiah 65:1 (ESV)

This verse speaks of Gods stance of calling for salvation to Israel. In a wider context He calls all men from every nation.

God stands with arms open wide and His creation, goodness and our consciences along now with the preached Gospel continually beckon all mankind to come. But man is so desperately wicked that without the specific drawing of the Spirit and intervention from God, man cannot be saved.

The New Kingdom

“For behold, I create new heavens and a new earth, and the former things shall not be remembered or come into mind. Isaiah 65:17 (ESV)

God will establish the kingdom but this will come in two phases. Part one is the millennial kingdom where people will still be born and die and the final one is the eternal kingdom where no one dies.

As we have seen in Isaiah’s prophecies concerning Messiah, the two advents (Jesus’ first and second coming) are often spoken of at the same time. This is done with the prophecy regarding the New Heavens and Earth too.

We can look forward to the coming new creation and kingdom. This should be the motivation for Isaiah’s calls to holy living in anticipation of the promise, so we should flee idolatry, have faith in God, trust in the truth of His word, listen to the Holy Spirit and walk in humility.

Honour God’s word

All these things my hand has made, and so all these things came to be, declares the LORD. But this is the one to whom I will look: he who is humble and contrite in spirit and trembles at my word. “He who slaughters an ox is like one who kills a man; he who sacrifices a lamb, like one who breaks a dog’s neck; he who presents a grain offering, like one who offers pig’s blood; he who makes a memorial offering of frankincense, like one who blesses an idol. These … Isaiah 66:2–3 (ESV)

God can see right through the external keeping of religion vs genuine humility and reverence for God’s word.

This points to the fact that people cannot just follow principles and receive the blessing from them or be in right standing with God.

We need to be in loving relationship with God and delight in Him for our religious actions to have any significance.

If we tremble at God’s word then we will do what the word of God says including religious duty but not in deadness or hypocrisy but from a heart for God.

Luke 24:13–53

Jesus in all scripture

And beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, he interpreted to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning himself. Luke 24:27 (ESV)

Jesus gave them an exegetical overview of the Old Testament pointing to Himself. This is one of the best ways to read the Old Testament, we should read it in context to Jesus.

Tim Keller in this short video shows how the whole Old Testament points to Jesus https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmnSnNC8UJk

Enjoy biblical exposition

They said to each other, “Did not our hearts burn within us while he talked to us on the road, while he opened to us the Scriptures?” Luke 24:32 (ESV)

Our hearts should also burn with joy when we have the scriptures opened to us by our pastors and teachers.

This is a good test for our hearts, if the explanation of the scriptures holds no appeal for us then we must check our desires.

Full bodily resurrection

See my hands and my feet, that it is I myself. Touch me, and see. For a spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see that I have.” Luke 24:39 (ESV)

The physical world is not evil, God created the physical world and will physically recreate and restore it one day. Gnostics believe the physical world is evil and the spirit realm is good but this is heresy. They also say the resurrection of Jesus was only spiritual.

One of the core distinctives of our faith is that we believe in the full bodily resurrection of Jesus.

We will also have a physical resurrection body one day and will eat actual food etc. but will no longer die.

God, opens our minds

Then he opened their minds to understand the Scriptures, Luke 24:45 (ESV)

We should pray that God by His Holy Spirit would open our minds to understand the Bible too.

Avoid the lies of the new age which tell man to attempt to open his own mind without God. You will end up opening your mind to evil teaching and demons.

Revelation is a grace from God that we must ask God for.

God uses normal means to reveal His truth, namely the Bible, the church, pastors and teachers.

Worship Jesus

And they worshiped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy, Luke 24:52 (ESV)

Yes, we worship Jesus, this was not a new idea introduced by Paul as some say, it was a practise of the very first disciple until today.

We joyfully worship Jesus today.

Job 14:11–22

The decay of the fall

the waters wear away the stones; the torrents wash away the soil of the earth; so you destroy the hope of man. Job 14:19 (ESV)

This is why we long for the new creation, we are in a fallen creation that is rotting away.

It is not God that takes hope from man, it is sin and death.

Look forward to the New Heaven and Earth.

Most of the above post is a copy of the original notes from the same date in 2014.

Additional resources

The Gospel Coalition on Luke 24

Today’s Reading: Isa 63:1–64:12, Luke 23:26–24:12, Job 14:1–10

Today’s Theme: The Resurrection

Today’s focus is on the Resurrection of Jesus Christ.

We begin in the future when the resurrected Lord will establish His kingdom and destroy all of His enemies. As we read through today’s readings there are elements of the power and significance of the resurrection everywhere.

Thank God for the resurrection today, without it, we would be lost.

Isaiah 63:1–64:12

The Victorious Warrior King

“I have trodden the winepress alone, and from the peoples no one was with me; I trod them in my anger and trampled them in my wrath; their lifeblood spattered on my garments, and stained all my apparel. Isaiah 63:3 (ESV)

This does not fit the western, sentimentalised view of Jesus, but this is the Lord speaking. At His second coming He will return as a great warrior king and many of His enemies will be killed.

This is not allegorical, at the second coming there will be a great war and Jesus alone will slay His enemies (unrepentant men who are at the battle wage war against Israel and God) with the sword of His mouth.

When we think of this side of Jesus it brings a new perspective to our evangelism (telling men to flee the wrath to come) and to our daily walk (we will walk in the fear of the Lord and not be flippant and disrespectful to Jesus).

Jesus the risen king will return, live in readiness.

The Day of Vengeance

For the day of vengeance was in my heart, and my year of redemption had come. Isaiah 63:4 (ESV)

This is the fulfilment of the second half of the prophecy mentioned yesterday, the part where Jesus stopped reading the first time He came.

By the way, this is why in yesterday’s reading Jesus said to the council you will not believe me if I told you, because His understanding and their understanding of the Messiah were so different. As we now know, the Messiah would suffer but then rise from the dead and return one day to complete the fulfilment of the prophecy.

God’s Compassion

I will recount the steadfast love of the LORD, the praises of the LORD, according to all that the LORD has granted us, and the great goodness to the house of Israel that he has granted them according to his compassion, according to the abundance of his steadfast love. Isaiah 63:7 (ESV)

Why does God give such grace to those He has chosen (Israel and the Church)? The answer is because of His compassion and love.

Thank God today for the compassion He has on you and for loving you so much that Jesus was crucified for you and rose from the dead to give us eternal life.

Jesus, The Angel of God’s Face

In all their affliction he was afflicted, and the angel of his presence saved them; in his love and in his pity he redeemed them; he lifted them up and carried them all the days of old. Isaiah 63:9 (ESV)

In the Hebrew this can read as “The Angel, His Face”. The expression carries the same sense as other places in the Old Testament that talk about God’s visible representation.

The angel is the visibly present Lord, the second person of the Trinity and by Him God has saved and redeemed His people. We read in Colossians 1:15 that “He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation.”

God is touched and so connected to His people that He feels their affliction and redeems them in His love and pity for us.

This is evidence of God spoken of as a Trinity even in the Old Testament.

Don’t grieve the Holy Spirit

But they rebelled and grieved his Holy Spirit; therefore he turned to be their enemy, and himself fought against them. Isaiah 63:10 (ESV)

More Old Testament reference to the members of the Holy Trinity. Evidence that the Trinity is not a new idea only found in the New Testament

If we sin the Holy Spirit is grieved, this is not a new thing in the New Testament.

God’s motivation

Like livestock that go down into the valley, the Spirit of the LORD gave them rest. So you led your people, to make for yourself a glorious name. Isaiah 63:14 (ESV)

Again God’s greatest motivation is for His glory. When God is glorified it is the best possible result for His people because He is worthy of praise and adoration and is most glorified in us when we are most satisfied in Him.

God was glorified in the Resurrection of Jesus.

The God who tears the heavens

Oh that you would rend the heavens and come down, that the mountains might quake at your presence— Isaiah 64:1 (ESV)

Yes Lord, may secular Israel have the heart of the children of Israel in this passage who pray to be acquainted with You again.

Also we can lift this great prayer before God for our nation. That God would tear through the spiritual climate and visit our nation.

Of course in a very real sense God already tore through the heavens and came down through the incarnation, passing through the heavens to come from His dwelling place to humble Himself as a man.

Jesus life, death, resurrection and ascension cut through the spiritual realm, defeating the demonic structures of the enemy and making lasting deliverance available for God’s elect people.

The Risen Lord is the victor who has cut through the heavens, making a way for us.

God who acts

From of old no one has heard or perceived by the ear, no eye has seen a God besides you, who acts for those who wait for him. Isaiah 64:4 (ESV)

This is a distinguishing fact about our God. He is real and all the others are demons so they can do no good and have no real power in comparison to God.

Our God is one who acts and one who engages in relationship with those who put their faith in Him.

God, our Father and Potter

But now, O LORD, you are our Father; we are the clay, and you are our potter; we are all the work of your hand. Isaiah 64:8 (ESV)

God is our great Father and is the potter, while we are clay in His hands. Both of these pictures are picked up and used in the New Testament.

We must be pliable in His hands so He can mould us into vessels fit for His purpose.

Luke 23:26–24:12

Jesus, Crucified

And when they came to the place that is called The Skull, there they crucified him, and the criminals, one on his right and one on his left. Luke 23:33 (ESV)

These are three short words but what they represented was the horrific act of nailing Jesus to the wood of the cross. This is the severe demonstration of God’s zeal for holiness and righteousness as well as His love for the world.

Crucifixion is one of the cruellest executions invented by man, the following medical view is adapted from Norman Geisler (2004).

“As he slowly sags down with more weight on the nails in the wrists, excruciating, fiery pain shoots along the fingers and up the arms to explode in the brain—the nails in the wrists are putting pressure on the median nerves. As he pushes himself upward, he places his full weight on the nail through his feet… tearing through the nerves between the metatarsal bones of the feet.

At this point, another phenomenon occurs. As the arms fatigue, great waves of cramps sweep over the muscles, knotting them in deep, relentless, throbbing pain…. Air can be drawn into the lungs but it cannot be exhaled. Jesus fights to raise himself in order to get even one short breath.

Now begin hours of this limitless pain, cycles of cramping and twisting, partial asphyxiation, searing pain as tissue is torn from his lacerated back as he moves up and down against the rough timber. …. A deep, crushing pain in the chest as the pericardium slowly fills with serum and begins to compress the heart”

Father forgive them

And Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.” And they cast lots to divide his garments. Luke 23:34 (ESV)

It is extraordinary that Jesus is able, in the excruciating pain of the cross, to think of others and pray to God to forgive His enemies.

He has left an example for each of us.

The madness of rejecting Jesus

And the people stood by, watching, but the rulers scoffed at him, saying, “He saved others; let him save himself, if he is the Christ of God, his Chosen One!” Luke 23:35 (ESV)

Listen to the madness of their statement, they acknowledge that He saved others and now mock that He should save Himself.

Their behaviour is really demonic.

The Hour of Darkness

The soldiers also mocked him, coming up and offering him sour wine and saying, “If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself!” Luke 23:36–37 (ESV)

The mockery of the soldiers, who had nothing in common with the rulers, shows that as Jesus said this was the hour of darkness. There was likely a strong demonic atmosphere at the crucifixion inspiring the cruelty and mockery as Satan celebrated his apparent victory.

Know in dark times that in the end we win.

The darkness of God

It was now about the sixth hour, and there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour, Luke 23:44 (ESV)

Some say that this 3 hours of darkness was the period in which all the sins of those who put their faith in Jesus was laid on Him.

Also note that in the Old Testament darkness would not speak of demonic presence but the presence of God (often in judgement), these three hours of darkness are marked by God’s express presence in laying the sins of the world on His son.

God judged His son for the sins of the world so that God’s elect who put their faith in Christ could be freed from the price of sin. He was judged so that we would not be judged for our sin.

The veil torn

while the sun’s light failed. And the curtain of the temple was torn in two. Luke 23:45 (ESV)

The tearing of the temple veil can symbolise many things including:

• Pointing to the judgement coming on the temple;
• The consummation of the old covenant;
• God rending His garments like a mourning father;
• God’s presence leaving the temple;
• The temple and sacrifice type is now fulfilled in Jesus’ death;
• This was the great, ultimate and final Yom Kippur;
• Jesus opens the door to Heaven;
• Temple worship is over;
• The Temple as the centre of God’s activity on the earth is no more.

Sovereign on the Cross

Then Jesus, calling out with a loud voice, said, “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit!” And having said this he breathed his last. Luke 23:46 (ESV)

Jesus remained in full control, He laid his life down, He decided when He would breathe his last breath.

The 1st day of the week

But on the first day of the week, at early dawn, they went to the tomb, taking the spices they had prepared. Luke 24:1 (ESV)

Jesus rose on a Sunday, the first day of the week which is why from the book of Acts until today Christians meet and fellowship on a Sunday in honour of the resurrection of Jesus which opened the way to eternal life and new beginning in God.

Jesus rose from the dead!

And as they were frightened and bowed their faces to the ground, the men said to them, “Why do you seek the living among the dead? He is not here, but has risen. Remember how he told you, while he was still in Galilee, Luke 24:5–6 (ESV)

We need to read this slowly and appreciate it. This is absolutely amazing, Jesus rose from the dead, this is just awesome, God showing His great power and wisdom.

We need to remember that when the New Testament was written this was a revolutionary concept which is why Paul was met with such mockery…. 2,000 years later we take it for granted that Jesus rose from the dead but this was the greatest event in the history of the world and the great victory of God over the devil.

Paul said that without the resurrection our faith would be in vain in 1 Corinthians 15:17 where it says “And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile and you are still in your sins.”

Women, preach the gospel

Now it was Mary Magdalene and Joanna and Mary the mother of James and the other women with them who told these things to the apostles, Luke 24:10 (ESV)

God has called women to proclaim the Gospel. The first proclaimers of the Gospel were women… this doesn’t mean women should be bishops or rule over churches but they should boldly declare the gospel.

This is again revolutionary, if this was a made up story there is no way the authors would let women be the first ones to see the resurrected Lord or to proclaim the good news because 2,000 years ago women were seen as second class to men.

Job 14:1–10

God is both infinite and imminent

look away from him and leave him alone, that he may enjoy, like a hired hand, his day. Job 14:6 (ESV)

Although Job’s understanding that God has determined how long each person lives and where they live etc. is correct, his understanding of God’s relationship to His creation is faulty.

The Bible reveals to us that God predetermines man’s days and limits because He is a God who cares about His creation and actively engages with His creation.

God has not (like Hinduism or deism teach) set a number of laws in motion and now sits back and lets man get on with it. No, He is our transcendent creator, actively calling men to salvation and pouring out both discipline, blessing and judgment. God is personally involved in some way in everyone’s lives and in a general way in all situations and most intensely in the lives of His elect.

Most of the above post is a copy of the original notes from the same date in 2014.

Additional resources

The Gospel Coalition on Luke 23 and Luke 24

Today’s Reading: Isa 60:1–62:12, Luke 22:63–23:25, Job 13:13–28

Today’s Theme: The price paid for the Kingdom or The Suffering of Christ for the Kingdom of God

Today’s theme looks at the coming kingdom of Christ, where Israel and God’s elect people will be glorified. In our NT reading, we look at the price Jesus paid to make the kingdom (which is both now and not yet) a reality.

Isaiah 60:1–62:12

Peace in the middle east

Violence shall no more be heard in your land, devastation or destruction within your borders; you shall call your walls Salvation, and your gates Praise. Isaiah 60:18 (ESV)

This whole chapter is speaking about the victory and glory Israel will receive in the kingdom.

This verse shows us two things; first this is still to come in the future as there is war in Israel today. Second is that God’s plan is to bring peace and to end war, which essentially means all man’s efforts at peace will fail. Only Jesus at His second coming will bring lasting peace.

We continue to pray that the Lord would speed His return.

No Sun!

The sun shall be no more your light by day, nor for brightness shall the moon give you light; but the LORD will be your everlasting light, and your God will be your glory. Isaiah 60:19 (ESV)

This is picked up in Revelation, the creation will be fundamentally changed in the new heaven and new earth, there will be no need for the sun, which is mind boggling from a scientific perspective, but it is the truth of God’s word.

We look forward to the day when the kingdom of God is established.

God’s people

Your people shall all be righteous; they shall possess the land forever, the branch of my planting, the work of my hands, that I might be glorified. Isaiah 60:21 (ESV)

Israel and the engrafted church are God’s planting. God worked hard to redeem, sustain and beautify us and the purpose was for His glory.

God seeking His own glory is one of the key themes running through the bible from creation, then redemption, and finally, through to consummation.

Now and not yet

The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me, because the LORD has anointed me to bring good news to the poor; he has sent me to bind up the broken hearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to those who are bound; Isaiah 61:1 (ESV)

Jesus quoted only the first half of this declaration, in Luke 4. He went as far as the first line of verse two and then paused.

This is because the fulfilment of this verse would be in two parts. The part He quoted was fulfilled in His first coming, the second part talking about the vengeance of God and restoration of Israel, would be fulfilled at the second coming.

This is why it is often difficult for the Jews to see Jesus as the Messiah who fulfilled these prophecies, because when they look at the prophecy they see it as one act at one time by one man (the Messiah). They did not perceive two distinct periods of time, this is why Jesus said they must be won by our love.

At the same time we must ask God to lead us by His Holy Spirit to do what Jesus did on the road to Emmaus, we should show them in the OT all the scriptures pointing to Him.

Salvation

I will greatly rejoice in the LORD; my soul shall exult in my God, for he has clothed me with the garments of salvation; he has covered me with the robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom decks himself like a priest with a beautiful headdress, and as a bride adorns herself with her jewels. Isaiah 61:10 (ESV)

The future glory of Israel is not merely political, the greatest promise to look forward to is Salvation in Christ.

This is the same language used in the NT, this is where we see the promises of future glory and grace for Israel, intertwining with God’s elect church.

Pray for Israel

For Zion’s sake I will not keep silent, and for Jerusalem’s sake I will not be quiet, until her righteousness goes forth as brightness, and her salvation as a burning torch. Isaiah 62:1 (ESV)

This verse reminds us that like Isaiah, we must pray for Israel until we see the fulfilment of the prophecies mentioned before.

Also, the word “not keep silent” reminds us that we should both advocate for and evangelise Israel.

Married to the Land

For as a young man marries a young woman, so shall your sons marry you, and as the bridegroom rejoices over the bride, so shall your God rejoice over you. Isaiah 62:5 (ESV)

The people of Israel will be committed to the land in the same way a man is committed to his wife, we are already starting to see this today.

God will rejoice over Israel as a bride, this is the language of commitment, covenant and love and we see a reflection of this in the NT, where the church is called the bride of Christ.

This is the destiny of all God’s elect, both the bride of Christ and redeemed Israel, together in one new man.

Luke 22:63–23:25

Jesus, mocked and beaten

Now the men who were holding Jesus in custody were mocking him as they beat him. Luke 22:63 (ESV)

We need to read this slowly, Jesus was mocked and beaten, this was the great price He paid for our redemption.

The mockery would have been cruel and the beating severe. We need to pause and mediate on what Jesus endured in His love and obedience to the Father, and His love for us.

Jesus, abused

They also blindfolded him and kept asking him, “Prophesy! Who is it that struck you?” Luke 22:64 (ESV)

The soldiers played a cruel game with Jesus, they blindfolded Him and taunted Him with more blows, asking Him to prophecy who struck Him.

I am sure these soldiers were filled with demons in this hour of darkness.

What will the soldiers say on the day of Judgement, when they realise they so shamefully mocked and abused the Lord of glory.

Jesus, blasphemed

And they said many other things against him, blaspheming him. Luke 22:65 (ESV)

Luke makes the point that the soldiers blasphemed Him, this is further NT evidence that Jesus is seen as divine, only God can be blasphemed.

The answer is Yes

“If you are the Christ, tell us.” But he said to them, “If I tell you, you will not believe, Luke 22:67 (ESV)

This reveals the answer as yes, because there would be no discussion if His answer was no.

Jesus the Christ

Then they said, “What further testimony do we need? We have heard it ourselves from his own lips.” Luke 22:71 (ESV)

The scribes and priests agree by this statement, that Jesus declared Himself to be the Christ.

Shallow People

When Herod saw Jesus, he was very glad, for he had long desired to see him, because he had heard about him, and he was hoping to see some sign done by him. Luke 23:8 (ESV)

Many people are like this today, they want to see signs and wonders as if the church is a circus for their thrill and entertainment.

Do we just want to see Jesus do things and not want to know Him in love and obedience? If so, we are just like king Herod.

I am Barabas

a man who had been thrown into prison for an insurrection started in the city and for murder. Luke 23:19 (ESV)

There is a picture here, although we don’t like to admit it, we are all like Barabas. Jesus died in our place, as disgusting and evil as we are, He took our place, we should have been punished and died for our sins. Jesus took the place of the elect that put their faith in Him.

Don’t be weak

So Pilate decided that their demand should be granted. Luke 23:24 (ESV)

Pilate was a weak man, he feared man more than God and held position over doing what was right.

We must be careful we don’t fall into the same trap of compromise and pragmatism in our lives, when it comes to our stand for Jesus.

Job 13:13–28

Hope in God

Though he slay me, I will hope in him; yet I will argue my ways to his face. Job 13:15 (ESV)

Job knew that nothing could happen to him without God’s consent, so he recognised it was God that slayed him, yet his faith remained strong because he said regardless of this, he would hope in God.

This hope gives some context for Job’s plea for an audience with God, although it still gives no excuse to the angry and rude way in which he seeks to address God.

In Job’s mind, he has done nothing wrong which is essentially true, but the wider truth is that we are a fallen race and have all sinned before God and as the NT says, are children of wrath, so whatever good we receive in this life is not deserved, entitled or earned. Instead we must recognise this as the mercy (not getting what we deserve) and grace (getting what we don’t deserve) of God, extended to us.

Most of the above post is a copy of the original notes from the same date in 2014.

Additional resources

The Gospel Coalition on Luke 23

Today’s Reading: Isa 58:1–59:21, Luke 22:24–62, Job 13:1–12

Today’s Theme: The call to repent

Today’s theme is about the call for us all to repent, which means to change our minds and turn from sin, to walk in the higher ways of holiness before God. We look at this first through the lens of biblical fasting.

Isaiah 58:1–59:21

Don’t deceive yourself

Yet they seek me daily and delight to know my ways, as if they were a nation that did righteousness and did not forsake the judgment of their God; they ask of me righteous judgments; they delight to draw near to God. Isaiah 58:2 (ESV)

Ask the Lord to keep us as a people, from delighting in His ways without the love and resolution in our hearts, to live in His ways.

If we are walking in self deception, we need to repent before God.

It’s not about you

‘Why have we fasted, and you see it not? Why have we humbled ourselves, and you take no knowledge of it?’ Behold, in the day of your fast you seek your own pleasure, and oppress all your workers. Isaiah 58:3 (ESV)

In some circles it is commonly taught that if you want something from God, then you need to fast to get access to it. This is simply not true and it is not biblical. Fasting should not be about us seeking our own pleasure, as God explains in the rest of the chapter.

If our focus is on ourselves, we need to repent.

Fasting God’s way

“Is not this the fast that I choose: to loose the bonds of wickedness, to undo the straps of the yoke, to let the oppressed go free, and to break every yoke? Isaiah 58:6 (ESV)

The fast that God has chosen is not the seeking of pleasure, or the other extreme of just humbling yourself, instead it is extremely practical in its aims and goals which are connected to social justice and mercy.

It is also connected with the removal of oppression, this can be both physical and spiritual.

Genuine fasting will result in more than just humility, it will manifest in acts of love and service.

If we engage in any spiritual activity with the wrong motives, we need to repent of this too.

We need to change

Then you shall call, and the LORD will answer; you shall cry, and he will say, ‘Here I am.’ If you take away the yoke from your midst, the pointing of the finger, and speaking wickedness, Isaiah 58:9 (ESV)

Through fasting, we should change, we should stop oppressing others, pointing the finger in criticism / judgement and gossip / speaking wickedness. God calls us again to repent.

We need to repent to restore a healthy relationship with God, so that He will respond when we pray.

Satisfaction for the scorched places

And the LORD will guide you continually and satisfy your desire in scorched places and make your bones strong; and you shall be like a watered garden, like a spring of water, whose waters do not fail. Isaiah 58:11 (ESV)

Through this change brought about in us through prayer, fasting and true repentance, God will strengthen us and satisfy our desires, especially in areas of our life where there is great need (scorched places).

God will bring healing where the fire of lust, sin and rebellion has brought pain, loss and damage to our lives.

Delight in God

then you shall take delight in the LORD, and I will make you ride on the heights of the earth; I will feed you with the heritage of Jacob your father, for the mouth of the LORD has spoken.” Isaiah 58:14 (ESV)

All repentance is a turning from delighting in sinful things, to delighting in God.

This is the ultimate purpose of fasting, that we delight no longer in the trivial things of this life, but take delight in the Lord.

Sin separates us from God

but your iniquities have made a separation between you and your God, and your sins have hidden his face from you so that he does not hear. Isaiah 59:2 (ESV)

An important truth; sin separates us from God and for God’s people in particular, if we walk in open sin, He will not hear our prayers unless they are genuine prayers of repentance.

Walk in honesty

No one enters suit justly; no one goes to law honestly; they rely on empty pleas, they speak lies, they conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity. Isaiah 59:4 (ESV)

Lord, keep us from dishonesty. Our culture is one which is focused on individual rights and desires, which are exalted above honesty and truth. Keep us from being swept up in the tide of dishonesty and selfish gain.

Ask the Holy Spirit to search your heart today and to do away with anything that is dishonest, as you walk in repentance.

Walk in peace

The way of peace they do not know, and there is no justice in their paths; they have made their roads crooked; no one who treads on them knows peace. Isaiah 59:8 (ESV)

We are actually commanded to pursue peace and to walk in peace. If we walk in anxiety, worry and panic, we are actually in sin and need to repent.

Lord, help us to know the way of peace and to walk in it.

God is unstoppable

He saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no one to intercede; then his own arm brought him salvation, and his righteousness upheld him. Isaiah 59:16 (ESV)

Even though there should have been someone to intercede for the city and there was not, God in His power and mercy still moved, to honour His will to bring salvation Himself.

So even if we do not do as God requires, we will not stop His purpose, we only hurt ourselves.

Let us remember to pray for the city we live in today.

Be clothed like God for the battle

He put on righteousness as a breastplate, and a helmet of salvation on his head; he put on garments of vengeance for clothing, and wrapped himself in zeal as a cloak. Isaiah 59:17 (ESV)

We are constantly in a state of war, in the spirit.

This is God clothing Himself for battle, the first part of this imagery is used in the NT too, for the believers armour.

Put on the full armour through faith and the word today, to fight the battles ahead, in the spirit and prayer.

Pass on the word of God

“And as for me, this is my covenant with them,” says the LORD: “My Spirit that is upon you, and my words that I have put in your mouth, shall not depart out of your mouth, or out of the mouth of your offspring, or out of the mouth of your children’s offspring,” says the LORD, “from this time forth and forevermore.” Isaiah 59:21 (ESV)

We are called to actively pass our faith on to our children.

We can claim this promise of God as yes and Amen for ourselves, as we read and meditate on God’s word, speaking of it and passing it on to the next generation.

Luke 22:24–62

Be a servant

But not so with you. Rather, let the greatest among you become as the youngest, and the leader as one who serves. Luke 22:26 (ESV)

We must repent of having the world’s ideals, in terms of greatness.

Jesus teaches us the truth; that in the kingdom of God, we should be servants of God and of one another. Jesus who was certainly the greatest, served the disciples at the last supper, giving them a clear picture of what greatness in God’s kingdom means.

Lord, help us to joyfully serve You and Your people.

Your faith will not fail

but I have prayed for you that your faith may not fail. And when you have turned again, strengthen your brothers.” Luke 22:32 (ESV)

Like Peter, Jesus has prayed for us that our faith will not fail under trial. If we do stumble, we need to turn again or repent as Jesus said, and seek to strengthen our brothers and sisters in Christ.

Repent and live to fight another day.

Laying our rights down

He said to them, “But now let the one who has a moneybag take it, and likewise a knapsack. And let the one who has no sword sell his cloak and buy one. Luke 22:36 (ESV)

Jesus would have had the right to take up arms against those who came to capture Him, so bearing the arms was not wrong and the use of them would not have been wrong, but forgoing His right to use them, showed an example to His disciples which they would follow in their own lives, as ministers of the Gospel after His resurrection.

This is the opposite to the teaching of Islam, which encourages the use of the sword and violence.

Chose to lay down your rights for God’s purposes today.

God’s will be done

saying, “Father, if you are willing, remove this cup from me. Nevertheless, not my will, but yours, be done.” Luke 22:42 (ESV)

This is the core of all prayer and repentance.

This should be a crucial element in our prayers, we should make our request in respect and submit to the ultimate will of God, surrendering our will to His.

This was not just a routine for Jesus, this was genuine anguish of soul, which is why He prayed this very genuine and heartfelt prayer.

He is standing right there

And the Lord turned and looked at Peter. And Peter remembered the saying of the Lord, how he had said to him, “Before the rooster crows today, you will deny me three times.” Luke 22:61 (ESV)

This means there was not a great distance between them, this was an awful blow for Jesus but He had prepared His heart for it in advance and He had prepared Peter, and I’m sure in His looking at Peter, it was one of love.

How often have we been guilty of denying Jesus when He is standing right there?

Job 13:1–12

What about my case?

But I would speak to the Almighty, and I desire to argue my case with God. Job 13:3 (ESV)

This is wounded pride and arrogance speaking, the sad thing is that in today’s world, many people think they also have a right to argue with or argue their side of the story with God.

This is flawed and fallen thinking.

Thankfully we are covered by our advocate, Jesus.

Don’t be a hypocrite

Will it be well with you when he searches you out? Or can you deceive him, as one deceives a man? Job 13:9 (ESV)

Job is right to warn his friends of the hypocrisy of supposing to speak for God, with great legalistic maxims, without the foresight that they too would fail under such scrutiny.

Those in exposure ministries should take heed here, as the NT says, when judgement or correction is given in hypocrisy, the hypocrite is in danger of the same judgement.

Legalism and pointing the finger at others, can often be a deceitful mechanism to hide or minimise our own shortcomings. We can foolishly compare ourselves against ourselves or look at external circumstances and deduce with human reasoning and false discernment, that someone is “blessed” or “cursed”.

Most of the above post is a copy of the original notes from the same date in 2014.

Additional resources

The Gospel Coalition on Luke 22

Today’s Reading: Isa 55:1–57:21, Luke 21:25–22:23, Job 12:13–25

Today’s Theme: Free Grace

Today there is no clear theme, although the first point about God’s free grace is in some way connected to all other points about faith, repentance and our conduct before God. It all starts and is empowered by the free grace of God, found in Jesus Christ.

Isaiah 55:1–57:21

Free Grace

“Come, everyone who thirsts, come to the waters; and he who has no money, come, buy and eat! Come, buy wine and milk without money and without price. Isaiah 55:1 (ESV)

God makes an urgent appeal, without discrimination, for all men to come and find satisfaction in Him. This free grace offered to all men is fulfilled in Christ as we read in John 4:10–14 and John 7:37–39.

God bids us to come and buy although the price has been paid by Christ. This indicates that a transaction must take place, action is required on our part. The buying is faith and repentance in Jesus Christ’s finished work.

We do not need to labour and spend ourselves on things that will not satisfy or sustain us, instead we should throw ourselves on God’s free and abundant grace.

Whilst water speaks of our necessity (the need for salvation), the milk and wine speak of God’s abundant life and blessing, freely offered in Christ. Thank God for His grace today.

Repent today

“Seek the LORD while he may be found; call upon him while he is near; let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts; let him return to the LORD, that he may have compassion on him, and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon. Isaiah 55:6–7 (ESV)

This is linked to the first set of verses, this is the buying without money spoken of. God now calls all men everywhere to repent.

We must repent quickly because repentance is not just given, it is a grace granted by God which will not always be available, so we must not take it for granted or have the mentality that ‘I’m going to sin and then repent’.

There is a window of opportunity in all our lives, to seek the Lord, and we must do it now. This not only speaks to those lost but also to those who have gone astray… Notice it says ‘return to The Lord’.

God’s thoughts are higher

For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, declares the LORD. For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways and my thoughts than your thoughts. Isaiah 55:8–9 (ESV)

We can trust in God, His thoughts are so far beyond anything we can begin to comprehend. He sees and knows everything, He knows the past, present and future, He is full of wisdom and knows the outcome of every possibility. By His intellect He created the physical universe and all its inhabitants, by His power He created the spiritual realm, heaven and the Angels.

Consider the greatness of our God, He is so much greater than us, so much higher than us, He knows everything. We know so little, we are not on par with God, He is infinitely great whilst each one of us and even collectively as humans, are finite in our minds and ways of thinking.

This serves as a rebuke to humanistic reasoning, which men try to apply to God’s word, and the notion that we know more than God and the bible, found in the aggressive secular humanism characteristic of atheism, and so called scientific ideas like evolution and the big bang theory.

God’s active word

so shall my word be that goes out from my mouth; it shall not return to me empty, but it shall accomplish that which I purpose, and shall succeed in the thing for which I sent it. Isaiah 55:11 (ESV)

The words of men are impotent but God’s words are active, full of power and because this is the very universe that He spoke into existence, His words have great creative force to the point that His word, like guided missiles, hit their target and accomplish His mission without fail.

We can trust in God’s word, it is not like the words of man, God’s word is sure and true.

A house of prayer

these I will bring to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer; their burnt offerings and their sacrifices will be accepted on my altar; for my house shall be called a house of prayer for all peoples.” Isaiah 56:7 (ESV)

God desires to save people from all nations and desires that we come together to pray. This was God’s desire for the house of God in the OT and in the church today. In this sense, everything is secondary to prayer. When we pray things actually change, God will go to work in bringing that which we believe Him for, to pass.

We had a powerful prayer meeting at Church on Tuesday where we prayed for our Christian brothers and sisters around the world and the needs here at home.

If you do not attend prayer meetings or regular prayer with other believers, it is something that must be remedied in your life today.

Be humble

For thus says the One who is high and lifted up, who inhabits eternity, whose name is Holy: “I dwell in the high and holy place, and also with him who is of a contrite and lowly spirit, to revive the spirit of the lowly, and to revive the heart of the contrite. Isaiah 57:15 (ESV)

God, who is Himself rightly high and lifted up, dwells with those who are humble, who are low in their own estimation and broken in spirit. The paradox is that by humility, we dwell in the high heavenly places with God, whereas exalting ourselves in pride will bring us to the low place of the flesh.

The lesson is simple; be humble and God will revive and strengthen you.

Luke 21:25–22:23

Jesus will return

And then they will see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with power and great glory. Luke 21:27 (ESV)

We are reminded that Jesus will return and His return will not be quiet or private, but very public.

This single verse destroys the argument of Rastafarians. When Jesus returns, it will not be through a woman, He will come in the clouds and everyone will see it.

We look forward to that day, living in hope and readiness.

Holy Communion

And he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me.” And likewise the cup after they had eaten, saying, “This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood. Luke 22:19–20 (ESV)

Holy Communion or the Lord’s Supper was instituted by Jesus and was actually based on part of the Passover meal.

When we keep communion, we are obeying the words of Jesus and in a special and symbolic way, by faith, remembering His body that was broken for us and His blood that was shed for us, in thankful reflection and worship.

Jehovah Witnesses do away with communion, which is against the teaching and command of Jesus.

Job 12:13–25

Sound Wisdom

With him are strength and sound wisdom; the deceived and the deceiver are his. Job 12:16 (ESV)

Sound wisdom comes from God.

This statement and all the others in this section, speak of God’s position of power, influence and His ultimate sovereignty.

We must be careful with Job as he is speaking in the anguish of his soul and his understanding is not perfect – some of his examples make God sound capricious.

Most of the above post is a copy of the original notes from the same date in 2014.

Additional resources

The Gospel Coalition on Luke 21 and Luke 22

Today’s Reading: Isa 52:1–54:17, Luke 20:41–21:24, Job 12:1–12

Today’s Theme: The Suffering Servant.

Today’s theme is about God’s suffering servant, the Messiah, Jesus Christ. Isaiah 53 is one of the most striking prophecies about Jesus and it lays out quite clearly, the substitutionary nature of the suffering and atonement accomplished by Christ. We will explore this chapter in particular and look at how God was sovereign, even over the suffering of Jesus and is sovereign over our suffering too, in our NT and Job readings.

Isaiah 52:1–54:17

Good News: The King Reigns

How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him who brings good news, who publishes peace, who brings good news of happiness, who publishes salvation, who says to Zion, “Your God reigns.” Isaiah 52:7 (ESV)

This verse gets to the heart of what the Gospel is, it is a declaration of victory, God has won. We are His messengers, bringing this good news of the king’s victory over the enemy, and the establishment of His kingdom, rulership, lordship and reign.

The good news spoken of here is one of peace, happiness and salvation. All these are possible because one of the key messages of the Gospel is that God is King, and He actively reigns… Good News; the devil is not in charge and is not on the throne, God is, which means we can confidently put our trust in Him and find peace, true happiness and eternal salvation.

Those who hear, are called upon to respond in worship to the King’s good news, which we have been commissioned to publish.

Jesus disfigured for us

As many were astonished at you— his appearance was so marred, beyond human semblance, and his form beyond that of the children of mankind— so shall he sprinkle many nations; kings shall shut their mouths because of him; for that which has not been told them they see, and that which they have not heard they understand.     Isaiah 52:14–15 (ESV)

The Hebrew word “mišhat” translated as ‘marred’ is only used once in the whole bible. It means the terrible disfigurement or distortion of a person’s appearance, to be inhumanly deformed, implying ugliness and the resulting repulsion.

This word is used to describe the suffering servant, the Messiah, Jesus’ appearance after being beaten and mauled by the blood thirsty soldiers and crowd, at His trial and crucifixion.

From this disfigurement, He will sprinkle many. The many are His elect from every nation, He hallows us to God through the sprinkling of His blood.

The reference to the kings mouths being shut is possibly a veiled reference to the principalities and powers of darkness being triumphed over and their accusing mouths are stopped. They are shocked by the sacrifice and victory of God’s servant, Jesus.

Through His humiliation, He put the powers of darkness to shame, as we read in Colossians 2:15 “He disarmed the rulers and authorities and put them to open shame, by triumphing over them in him.”

Jesus rejected for us

He was despised and rejected by men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief; and as one from whom men hide their faces he was despised, and we esteemed him not. Isaiah 53:3 (ESV)

Jesus, God’s servant and Messiah, was rejected and despised by those He came to save, so much so that He was delivered up to suffering and death.

Men cannot look at God’s servant without having to look at themselves and so avoid looking at Him. The people did this when Jesus walked the earth and people still do it today.

Instead of facing Jesus and so having to deal with our sin, we turn our faces away, hoping He will go away, but He stands. He is God’s loudest message to the entire world, not as a conquering king but a suffering servant, showing God’s mercy, grace and magnanimity to undeserving man.

Men are called to look square in the eyes of Jesus, facing His life, words and sacrifice and respond in truth. Look into the eyes of the man of sorrows today, you will either run or bow in repentance and worship.

Jesus walked the earth, grieved at sin and death, conscious of the weight of His mission. We should have the same perspective as His disciples.

Jesus carried our sorrows

Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted. Isaiah 53:4 (ESV)

This whole chapter is the high ground of the OT and has been described as the 5th Gospel, or the Gospel according to Isaiah.

This is a powerful truth for us to remember, Jesus has carried the weight of our griefs and sorrows, this is why He said my yoke is easy and burden is light and that we would find rest for our souls in Him.

Jesus stood as a substitutionary sacrifice for us, suffering in our place, carrying our sin, Jesus suffered for us as His elect people.

Read this a few times today and give thanks to God for the sacrifice Jesus made, to bring God glory and save you. We no longer have to live in the sorrow and decay of sin, we can live in joy and freedom today.

Jesus crushed for us

But he was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed. Isaiah 53:5 (ESV)

Man always tries to play down the seriousness of sin, our mistakes and shortcomings, but consider all that Jesus went through at God’s command because of our sins and you will see that sin is no small thing. God takes it very seriously, so seriously that He gave His only Son.

Jesus was pierced for our transgressions, this points directly to the piercing of crucifixion. Jesus was crushed for our moral depravity. Stop and consider that for a moment, Jesus took our place on the cross, we should have suffered and died for sin, but He suffered in our place.

God’s wrath was poured out on Jesus, so that we could come to God in peace. Through Jesus’ wounds on the cross, we are healed from the spiritual sickness of sin (we can stand on this for physical healing as we pray too).

Jesus accomplished so much for His elect people, through His substitutionary suffering and death on the cross. Take time to think about this today, look at the words used here and pause to think and worship God.

Jesus like a sacrificial lamb for us

He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and like a sheep that before its shearers is silent, so he opened not his mouth. Isaiah 53:7 (ESV)

Jesus was the fulfilment of all the temple sacrifices, He is our Passover lamb.

If Jesus was able to do this in His true innocence and holiness, then how much more should I be able to be silent before accusers.

Jesus perfectly fulfilled this prophecy, in submission and obedience to His Father.

Jesus buried for us

And they made his grave with the wicked and with a rich man in his death, although he had done no violence, and there was no deceit in his mouth. Isaiah 53:9 (ESV)

Jesus was put to death between two robbers, in Matthew 27:38 and buried in the tomb of the rich man, Joseph of Arimathea, in Matthew 27:57–60, perfectly fulfilling this prophecy.

Jesus was buried for our sin but rose from the dead victoriously after three days.

Jesus died for God

Yet it was the will of the LORD to crush him; he has put him to grief; when his soul makes an offering for guilt, he shall see his offspring; he shall prolong his days; the will of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. Isaiah 53:10 (ESV)

We think of ourselves as the reason Jesus went to the cross, when in fact there was a greater, primary reason that Jesus went to the cross; His love for His Father, over and above His love for us.

The cross was no disaster or tragedy, it was the Father’s plan to redeem an elected people from all nations of the earth.

God had our salvation in mind, this is why it was God’s will to crush His servant Jesus for us, making a full and final payment for our sin.

God has been satisfied

Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities. Isaiah 53:11 (ESV)

God is satisfied with the sacrifice Jesus has made, making God’s many elect people righteous before God.

You cannot do anything to make God more satisfied, so rejoice in the free and full salvation that has been purchased for you.

God stands over the enemy

Behold, I have created the smith who blows the fire of coals and produces a weapon for its purpose. I have also created the ravager to destroy; Isaiah 54:16 (ESV)

God reminds us of the totality of His sovereignty in light of the last statement, that there are those who will stir up strife and He did not send them. This is not a contradiction but clarification of the nature of God’s sovereignty. Basically, He does not force the hand of man, but He made man and has authority over man.

Our heritage and that of Israel in particular, is one of great security. No weapon that the enemy devises will prevail against us. With God’s help, we will boldly refute those who stand against God’s purposes.

Luke 20:41–21:24

We are called to suffering

This will be your opportunity to bear witness. Settle it therefore in your minds not to meditate beforehand how to answer, for I will give you a mouth and wisdom, which none of your adversaries will be able to withstand or contradict. Luke 21:13–15 (ESV)

Jesus warns us of the persecution we will need to endure as His disciples. Like Him, the suffering servant, we will have to endure suffering but He encourages us that He has given us the grace and Spirit of God, to endure and be witness for Him.

He calls us to persevere in Him, assuring us that we will never ultimately perish because we are secure in Him.

Job 12:1–12

God is in control

Who among all these does not know that the hand of the LORD has done this? Job 12:9 (ESV)

Job understands that this is not the devil, he has a far better understanding of the sovereignty of God than his friends. He knows good and bad all come from God, who is ultimately in control and he makes a point by saying, ask any living creature… they all know God is king.

Most of the above post is a copy of the original notes from the same date in 2014.

Additional resources

The Gospel Coalition on Luke 20 and Luke 21

Today’s Reading: Isa 50:1–51:23, Luke 20:1–40, Job 11:12–20

Today’s Theme: The Wisdom of Jesus

Today’s theme is about the remarkable wisdom of Jesus. The OT passage speaks about how Jesus would spend time with the Father every morning, to be able to teach with wisdom, which is an example for us. We see that wisdom on display in our NT passage. Let’s learn from Jesus how we too can walk in wisdom.

Isaiah 50:1–51:23

The servant as prophet, teacher and disciple

The Lord GOD has given me the tongue of those who are taught, that I may know how to sustain with a word him who is weary. Morning by morning he awakens; he awakens my ear to hear as those who are taught. Isaiah 50:4 (ESV)

These passages are again about God’s faithful servant, the Messiah, Jesus Christ.

Where the servant says that God has given him the tongue of the learned, he is not talking about the knowledge of this world, but the experiential knowledge that comes from a life of submission and obedience to God. Experiential knowledge is what we should seek rather than disconnected head knowledge only.

The purpose for all that God’s servant knows, mentally by study and the Spirit, and experientially by intimacy and obedience to the Father, is to sustain others with his teaching. Jesus is both prophet and teacher to us.

It seems clear that Jesus had a daily devotional life with the Father and we should follow His example as His disciples. Listen to God every morning as you read your bible and pray. This will enable you to be used by God, to help others.

We will read in our NT reading about the remarkable wisdom that Jesus has.

The suffering servant

I gave my back to those who strike, and my cheeks to those who pull out the beard; I hid not my face from disgrace and spitting. Isaiah 50:6 (ESV)

Those who claim that the Messiah is only a triumphant king, run into difficulty here. The fact is, the Messiah was prophesied as a suffering servant and a ruling king.

This prophecy was fulfilled when Jesus gave His back to the Romans as they beat Him and His beard to those who plucked it off, on His way to His crucifixion.

Give thanks to Jesus today that He endured the humiliation, pain and suffering of all that was included in the brutality of the cross, for our redemption.

Remember your spiritual heritage

“Listen to me, you who pursue righteousness, you who seek the LORD: look to the rock from which you were hewn, and to the quarry from which you were dug. Isaiah 51:1 (ESV)

God begins to comfort His people, there are other verses we won’t comment on at length, like verse 6, 7, 11-13, 16 and 22, which speak of God’s eternal salvation for His people, the joy He will give them, the comfort He will provide, an encouragement to not fear man, that they have His inspired word in the scriptures and that He pleads their cause.

In this verse God reminds the children of Israel of their godly heritage, to help encourage them.

You too should remember your godly heritage in God’s family (not necessarily your own family). We share the heritage of Israel so can look back to Abraham, Moses and the Prophets, but we have heritage in the New Covenant too, so can look to Peter, Paul and John as well as faithful Christians who have gone on before us, like Jonathan Edwards and Charles Spurgeon.

Remember your spiritual heritage in Christ today and be encouraged by it.

Luke 20:1–40

The wisdom of Jesus

And Jesus said to them, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things.” Luke 20:8 (ESV)

Jesus uses great wisdom when dealing with the trap the leaders tried to force Him into, He did not directly answer their question, instead He pointed out the stupidity of their question by diverting the same question to one who was under and endorsed Jesus, namely John.

The folly and evil intent of the leaders was exposed and the question was answered by default. Jesus will raise this question of His authority again in tomorrow’s reading.

Ask God to give you wisdom when answering questions, like Jesus.

The Rejected yet Victorious Stone

But he looked directly at them and said, “What then is this that is written: “ ‘The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone’? Everyone who falls on that stone will be broken to pieces, and when it falls on anyone, it will crush him.” Luke 20:17–18 (ESV)

Jesus tells the parable of the wicked tenants and alludes to His own death, at their hands, as the Son.

Jesus’ wisdom was so often shown in the questions He asked, He always asked the right question. In this case, He turns to the listening people and asks them, in context to the story He has just told; what does the passage of scripture about the rejected stone mean?

The question is asked in a rhetorical sense, to get the people to think, and then answered to warn them of the consequence of following their wicked leaders, instead of following Him.

Jesus uses a combination of Old Testament allusions to answer the question and makes clear that the rejected stone (Himself), is in fact victorious and will judge all those who reject and come against Him.

We should rejoice in the victory of Jesus, the rejected stone, and ask God to help us exercise the same type of wisdom as Jesus, by asking the right questions.

Citizens of both Heaven and Earth

He said to them, “Then render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” Luke 20:25 (ESV)

Jesus shows us His great wisdom again, this time in answering those who try to catch Him in regards to paying taxes.

Jesus takes time to ask the right question again and this time lays down a lesson for all our lives, with the type of wisdom the people had never heard before.

By stating that we should render to Caesar what is due to him and to God what is due to Him, Jesus is teaching that we are citizens of both heaven and earth.

Jesus did not revolt like Barabbas, He taught that those who benefit from the state, must pay their due to the state and live under the laws of the state, inasmuch as those laws do not oppose God’s law.

So we must be good citizens of heaven and earth, we should pay our taxes with honesty and contribute to the wider community, by obeying and helping the authorities under God’s sovereignty.

An entirely new order of life

but those who are considered worthy to attain to that age and to the resurrection from the dead neither marry nor are given in marriage, Luke 20:35 (ESV)

The Sadducees did not believe in the resurrection or the afterlife, which seemed absurd to them because of their flawed logic, which assumed that the order of life on earth would continue after resurrection.

They ask Jesus a question to show the absurdity of the resurrection, according to their understanding. Jesus corrects their faulty logic and in doing so, shows the stupidity of their question and understanding of the afterlife.

It is becoming popular through some songs, books and testimonies on Christian TV, for women to speak about encounters with Jesus which are very romantic, as though they would actually be married to Jesus in the same way that we have marriage on the earth, but this is not biblical or logical.

What about the men who are saved? This type of gross romanticism is sensual and would paint a picture of Jesus as a mystic polygamist.

Jesus made three very important points in correcting these faulty understandings:

1. After the resurrection, relationships change
2. Everyone does not qualify for life at the resurrection
3. Marrying and getting married are not part of the future existence

The reason for this is that Marriage and the accompanying children and families are no longer necessary, because people will no longer die and so will not need to procreate through marriage to maintain human existence.

The main point is that life will take on an entirely new order, where the need for marriage will be no more. Our marriages are temporary and earthbound, pointing to the unique union and covenant we will share with God in eternity.

Job 11:12–20

Speaking without wisdom

But the eyes of the wicked will fail; all way of escape will be lost to them, and their hope is to breathe their last.” Job 11:20 (ESV)

Zophar had good intentions but he did not speak with wisdom, he looked at Job’s plight and made assumptions, he has been calling Job to repent but is now warning against Job not repenting and so being left to the way of the wicked.

The fact is that Job has nothing to repent of, this, along with the sweeping generalities of good vs bad that Zophar paints the world in, is symbolic of the faulty understanding of the nature of the world, that the book of Job exists to correct.

We do not believe in karma or strict cause and effect, God is sovereign over all and shows mercy and grace to those who are undeserving, as well as allowing His elect to go through difficulty according to His own purpose and plans, despite man’s formulas for what will make for a trouble free life.

We must speak with wisdom from God, not using our own eyes and flawed logic.

Most of the above post is a copy of the original notes from the same date in 2014.

Additional resources

The Gospel Coalition on Luke 20

Today’s Reading: Isa 48:1–49:26, Luke 19:11–48, Job 11:1–12

Today’s Theme: The Hope of Israel

Today’s theme looks at the Hope of Israel found in the prophecies of God’s faithful servant, the Messiah, Jesus Christ. It is through the Hope of Israel that we find our hope and deliverance in Jesus. We serve, driven by the hope of the Kingdom’s full consummation by Jesus, with the accompanying rewards for faithful and fruitful service.

Isaiah 48:1–49:26

Confess the God of Israel, in truth

Hear this, O house of Jacob, who are called by the name of Israel, and who came from the waters of Judah, who swear by the name of the LORD and confess the God of Israel, but not in truth or right. Isaiah 48:1 (ESV)

In this passage, God calls on the entire nation of Israel to realise that many were only calling on the name of the Lord in hypocrisy and pretence. Many were born into deeply religious families while in the exile of Babylon, so it is conceivable that many have become nominal followers of Yahweh.

Our OT passages today are all quite clearly directed to Israel in particular (either historically or prophetically), but we can learn from God’s dealings with His covenant nation and apply the principles and lessons to our lives today.

In this first instance we need to be careful that we don’t become religious and lukewarm, especially if we have grown up in a Christian family. We must not become so familiar with God and the Church that our declaration of allegiance and truth, is no longer in sincerity or righteousness.

Be sure to confess the God of Israel as your God today, do so in sincerity.

The God who makes the future

“The former things I declared of old; they went out from my mouth, and I announced them; then suddenly I did them, and they came to pass. Isaiah 48:3 (ESV)

God does not just tell the future, He does not make predictions, He has already seen the end because He exists both inside and outside of time and so has already seen all the days of time, from the start to the end (remember that time is a physical, created property of the material universe).

However, God does not prophesy as a passive observer, He actively brings His will to pass, notice He says suddenly “I did them”.

In this case, the new things stands for God’s astounding announcement concerning Cyrus. God goes on to say He declared the future in this way, so the glory could go to no idol or man, but to Him alone and to deal with the stubborn lack of faith in the people.

We should stand in awe of the God who makes the future, we can pray to God in faith, knowing that He will go to work on His own decrees and see all His will and purpose come to pass. This should fill us with unshakable faith, as we consider God’s word and pray.

For the sake of God’s name

For my own sake, for my own sake, I do it, for how should my name be profaned? My glory I will not give to another. Isaiah 48:11 (ESV)

God has called Israel by His own name and so withholds His anger and delivers them, even when they are lacking in faith, for the sake of His name.

God’s ultimate purpose is to be glorified, He will not allow His name to be profaned by those who are called by His name, and so for the sake of His own glory, will deliver His people.

We have seen this throughout the history of the nation of Israel, the fact that the nation stands today after so many thousands of years and the attempted annihilation of the people by world powers, Islamic nations or assimilation into other cultures, is testament to God’s glory.

The same can be said of the true Church, God preserves us for the sake of His own glory and we stand in the earth today as a testament to God’s glory, for the sake of His name and fame in the earth.

This is a great tool to use when we pray, we can appeal to God on the basis of His glory and for the sake of His name.

Jesus, The First and Last

“Listen to me, O Jacob, and Israel, whom I called! I am he; I am the first, and I am the last. My hand laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand spread out the heavens; when I call to them, they stand forth together. Isaiah 48:12–13 (ESV)

Here is Old Testament evidence pointing to the New Testament fact that Jesus is indeed God, specifically He is the Son of God, the 2nd person of the Trinity.

Jesus declares that He is the first and the last, in Revelation 1:17 and again at the end of the bible, in Revelation 22:13, where He states “I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end.”

God, who teaches you to profit

Thus says the LORD, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: “I am the LORD your God, who teaches you to profit, who leads you in the way you should go. Isaiah 48:17 (ESV)

This goes hand in hand with the parable in our NT reading today. We can ask God to teach us to profit, and lead us by His Holy Spirit, in the direction we should go.

Jesus, the ideal Israel

And he said to me, “You are my servant, Israel, in whom I will be glorified.” Isaiah 49:3 (ESV)

This chapter looks at the prophecy of the coming Messiah. God called Him from the womb, which puts to death every case for abortion.

This entire passage speaks about God’s faithful servant, the Messiah, who we know is Jesus. This verse speaks of God’s servant Israel, however this is still speaking of the Messiah.

The book of Isaiah has illustrated to us God’s purpose for Israel, which was to be His servant, as a light to the nations, to lead them to God. However, Israel failed in this mission and are themselves, in need of salvation because of their own blindness, deafness and rebellion.

God loves His covenant nation and will not wipe them out for falling short, instead He sets in motion the ultimate solution, another will fulfil the function of Israel, as God’s faithful evangelical servant, namely the Messiah, Jesus.

Today Jesus fulfils the function and mission given to the nation Israel, so that Jews and Gentiles can come to know God. Jesus is for Israel and the world, what Israel was not able to be, causing God’s salvation to reach to the ends of the earth.

Our compassionate Shepherd

they shall not hunger or thirst, neither scorching wind nor sun shall strike them, for he who has pity on them will lead them, and by springs of water will guide them. Isaiah 49:10 (ESV)

Jesus as the shepherd of Israel and all God’s people, takes pity on us and shows us compassion, we saw this throughout the life of Jesus.

Know that God is not indifferent to your circumstances and feelings, He has great compassion on His sheep, He is tender and can be touched by our pain.

One day this promise will come in fullness (Revelation 7:16-17).

God’s commitment to Israel

Behold, I have engraved you on the palms of my hands; your walls are continually before me. Isaiah 49:16 (ESV)

God encourages Israel that He will never forget them as a people. Using the most vivid image, He declares that He has engraved them on the very palms of His hands.

Usually the servant has to bear the name of the master, God shows again His heart, which is to condescend to His people and take on the servant role. This was expressed most clearly when Jesus humbled himself through the incarnation, to show God’s love for Israel and the wider world.

Jesus engraved the elect on His hands for all eternity, when the nails were driven through His hands.

The Hope of Israel

For thus says the LORD: “Even the captives of the mighty shall be taken, and the prey of the tyrant be rescued, for I will contend with those who contend with you, and I will save your children. Isaiah 49:25 (ESV)

This verse had two very literal senses, the most immediate is that Cyrus will defeat Babylon and send Israel home. The prophetic sense is that Jesus, the Messiah and servant, will defeat sin and bring Israel and the world to God.

We can also stand on verses like this when praying for the nation of Israel, or anytime we pray for God’s people around the world.

Luke 19:11–48

Serve in hope

And he said to him, ‘Well done, good servant! Because you have been faithful in a very little, you shall have authority over ten cities.’ Luke 19:17 (ESV)

We are all called to be faithful stewards of the money, time and talents that God has given us, we must serve in hope of God’s rewards to be given, when the kingdom has fully come (Jesus has returned having received the kingdom).

Pastor Dennis preached powerfully on this on Sunday 24th Aug 2014. He pointed out the fact that this servant was called ‘good’ because he did better than the other two, and the 10 cities can be seen in a sense, here and now, in terms of the reach and influence God will give those who serve faithfully.

Serve God in hope of the rewards and responsibilities He will give you, for showing faithfulness as God’s servants.

Job 11:1–12

God is merciful

and that he would tell you the secrets of wisdom! For he is manifold in understanding. Know then that God exacts of you less than your guilt deserves. Job 11:6 (ESV)

The context from Zophar is wrong, but the truth remains, that God does show us all mercy by not exacting from us all that our guilt deserves.

Most of the above post is a copy of the original notes from the same date in 2014.

Additional resources

The Gospel Coalition on Luke 19